Abstract
The article presents an attempt to compare, in a first approximation, the natural patterns of the dynamics of the number of populations of biological species with the dynamics of the human population. Social factors and mechanisms of population reproduction in various regions are considered. The possibilities of population regulation and the effectiveness of state demographic policies are discussed. The study emphasizes the mechanisms of self-defense developed in the course of evolution and manifest in the global trend of declining fertility, due to the approach of critical population density, and in view of limited biospheric resources.
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