Тучные клетки при аллергическом и инфекционном воспалении

Abstract

Functional characteristics of a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells, mast cells, account for their involvement in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and tumors. A diversity of mast cell receptors and secreted biologically active mediators, broad presence in barrier tissues, and close relation with blood and lymphatic vessels allow mast cells to realize many protective functions (including as effective participants of allergic reactions and primary effectors of the immune response to infections). The primary role of mast cells in immune- mediated inflammation is accounted for by the synthesis and secretion of numerous biologically active substances under their activation with various factors (e.g., allergens, cytokines, anaphylotoxins, neuropeptides, immune complexes, microbial antigens and toxins, some medications). Impaired regulation of mast cell functions may have a negative effect which determines a pattern of their involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases and tumors. Despite a better understanding of the pathogenic role of mast cells in immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, studies on the mechanisms of their activation and regulation, pattern and im-portance of the interaction of their mediators with immune cells, and mechanisms of the implementation of mast cell pro-inflammatory effects are still relevant. The results of these studies are likely to optmise the treatment of a variety of diseases. KEYWORDS: mast cells, immune pathogenesis, mediators, allergic inflammation, infectious inflammation, atopic dermatitis. FOR CITATION: Kolesnikova N.V. Mast cells in allergic and infectious inflammation. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(2):79–84 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-2-79-84.