НОВАЯ МЕТОДИКА ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ПРЕОБРАЗУЮЩЕГО МЕХАНИЗМА СТАНКОВ-КАЧАЛОК

Abstract

The relevance of the research is caused by the need to ensure more efficient operation of the kinematic scheme of the pumping unit. The solution to this problem will improve the operation of the kinematic scheme from the point of view of the loads arising in it and reduce the metal consumption of the surface drive of the sucker rod pump during its design. The main aim of the research is to develop and propose a methodology for designing pumping unit during its production and manufacture. Objects. The converting mechanism of the pumping units is a hinged four-link mechanism made according to symmetrical and asymmetrical kinematic schemes. With a symmetrical scheme, the center of rotation of the crank is on a straight line passing through the points corresponding to the extreme positions of the articulation of the connecting rod and the balance bar. All other cases correspond to an unbalanced scheme. At present, in accordance with the existing design technique of the symmetrical circuit converting mechanism, the kinematic ratios r/K and r/l are used as the initial data – the ratio of the crank radius to the length of the rear arm of the balancer and the connecting rod, respectively. The object of research is a hinge mechanism that converts the rotational motion of an electric motor into a reciprocating motion of the suspension point of the rods. Methods. The technique that allows you to design a mechanism according to predetermined output parameters is more preferable and practical. At the same time, it is recommended to use parameters that directly determine both the type of the kinematic diagram of the converting mechanism and its overall dimensions. It should be noted that not all theoretically real mechanisms can be practically feasible. Therefore, the real area of ​​angles ψ is somewhat narrower than the theoretical real area and should be determined taking into account the design features of the mechanism (for example, in an extremely close position to the body, the traverse should not touch the gearbox housing, the height of the mechanism should be such that in the lower position the suspension of the wellhead rod does not touch the wellhead oil seal, etc.). For convenience of using the proposed method, it is advisable to present the sought values ​​in the given form (in fractions of the stroke length). Results. According to the formulas obtained, using the data from catalogs of different companies, the reduced values ​​of the kinematic parameters of the converting mechanisms of various kinematic schemes are calculated. As a result, we find that the overall dimensions of the converting mechanism of domestic pumping units of a symmetrical scheme (length by 45 ... 60 %, and height by 25 ... 30 %) are smaller than those of foreign pumping units of an asymmetrical scheme. The developed technique makes it possible to compare the technical and operational indicators of pumping units made according to various kinematic schemes. The proposed technique with the optimal position function, at which the dynamic loads on the drive are minimal, the efficiency of the downhole sucker rod pump is maximal, makes it possible to reduce the metal consumption of the pumping unit during its design.