СМЕНА ТЕМПОРАЛЬНЫХ РЕЖИМОВ И ПРОТИВОРЕЧИВЫЕ ОБРАЗЫ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО

Abstract

The article describes the phenomenon of interference of different cultural practices broadcast in space and time: temporal regimes, images of time as a sphere of possible stories at a given period, and images associated with national self-consciousness and nationalism. The measure of the connection is analyzed between the progressive change in the perception of time described by R. Koselleck, when expectations are separated from experience, and the formation of national self-consciousness at the end of the 18th–19th centuries, as well as between the post-progressive transition from “solid” to “liquid” time described by Z. Bauman and the transformation of national identity into diverse forms of collective self-identifications, self-understandings and identity politics at the end of the 20th−21st centuries. The role in these processes of the transforming attitude to the time of the embodiment of the meaning of history ( airos) is considered: from the unchanging, general and exclusive, associated with the life path of Christ and the idea of the Second Coming, to the changing, multiple and exclusive (the progress of civilization in a given country as airos) and beyond, in the conditions of relativization of the “civilization” concept — to interacting inclusive senses of time, multi-temporality of connected histories or histoire croisée corresponding to multi-level ways of self-identification of the population (synaxis or co-existence, conciliar time). It is these temporal structures that create the prerequisites, first for the creation and strengthening of national self-consciousness, and then for its erosion.