ОСОБЕННОСТИ НЕЙРОМОРФОМЕТРИИ ПРИ ВРОЖДЕННОМ ГИПОТИРЕОЗЕ (КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ)

Abstract

Introduction. Based on the neonatal screening results the congenital hypothyroidism prevalence in the Russian Federation is 1 case per 3950 newborns. Moreover, thyroid hormones play an important role in glial myelination, neuronal migration, cortical layer formation, synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. Aim. To assess a patient with congenital hypothyroidism brain morphometric and neuropsychological status. Material and methods. This article describes a 24-year-old patient clinical case with congenital hypothyroidism, thyroid agenesis and cognitive decline associated with altered brain substance volume. Results and discussion. Many studies have shown that hypothyroidism is associated with cognitive deficits such as reduced attention, memory, psychomotor and executive functions. This clinical case confirms the known findings in the drug withdrawal background, with functions related to visual-constructive skills, fluency and memory being most affected by thyroid hormone deficiency. Some authors attribute these changes to decreased regional cerebral blood flow in brain regions associated with cognitive functions. A number of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have found the default mode network or reversible changes deactivation in the brain during working memory tasks. It is possible that functional changes occur when there is impaired the pathological process compensation, but in the congenital hypothyroidism changes, agenesis and increased duration case are possible. A study and brain morphometric revealed a decrease in subcortical structures, which some authors believe are responsible for neuroplasticity and cognitive function. Conclusion. In connection with this clinical example findings, attention should be drawn to the timely diagnosis importance as early as possible in the maternity home, euthyroidism maintenance, and hormonal status monitoring with correction also in adulthood, taking into account the possible effect on changes in brain structures and neuropsychological disorders development.