토지공개념 논의와 정책 설계 : 개발이익 공유화 관점에서

Abstract

The aim of this paper is twofold: to evaluate the significance and the outcomes of recent discussions on the public concept of land, and to suggest new policies for its application to practice. So far, public concept of land has only been discussed as a justification for employing price-stabilizing regulations or tax instruments in periods of rapid housing price growth. Therefore, the concept is often the subject of partisan endorsement or opposition, but rarely assessed for its justness through a concerted reflection on the fundamental nature of land ownership or for its feasibility as a basis for longterm policy planning. Although the amount of unearned income from land is estimated at about 61~487 trillion won every year, development gains are only redeemed at the rate of 0.1~8.8%, which means that the majority of the profits have gone to private entities. In the past 10 years, many of the measures for recapturing unearned income have either been rescinded or contracted. For establishing the public character of land, a key requisite is the consensus that unearned income in even the broadest sense ought to be collected and redistributed for public needs. Today, public concept of land can no longer be realized through unitary policy approaches; contradicting the orthodoxies of both the Georgists and the free-market liberalists, neither land taxes nor increases in land supply will work in isolation. Public concept of land can only be realized through a comprehensive package of policy measures, which include the de-commodification of land, the separation of development rights from land ownership, instatement of the concept of collective ownership of land and housing, and interventions in land ownership through planning and regulation.