ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ПРОПИТКИ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ БЕРЕЗЫ РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ СПОСОБАМИ

Abstract

Wood is widely used for the production of sleepers in Russia. Sleepers made of natural wood have the disadvantage – short service life. It is possible to increase the service life of wooden sleepers using pressed (modified) wood for their manufacture. Wood pressing is one of the most promising areas for improving its physical and mechanical properties. Pressed wood, in its turn, has a drawback – the ability to significantly change size and shape when humidity changes, as well as low biological resistance. The solution to this problem is to impregnate wood with an antiseptic solution with a stabilizer. The durability of pressed wood products largely depends on the quality of its impregnation and the amount of absorbed solution by the surface layer. The most simple and effective method (among the known for impregnation in the manufacture of railway sleepers) is impregnation of wood in hot-cold baths. In the work, the efficiency of wood impregnation by the method of hot-cold baths has been studied taking into account various conditions of exposure to a cold solution. The first option is to quickly replace a hot solution with a cold one. The second is the impregnation of wood during the natural cooling of hot solution. It was found that the depth of wood impregnation during gradual cooling of wood in a hot solution is 2.5 times less than the depth of impregnation during cooling in a cold solution, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The amount of solution absorbed by wood when impregnated by the hot-cold bath method with the gradual cooling of hot impregnating solution is 16% less than when cooling in a cold impregnating solution. Hot-cold bath method with cooling in a cold solution can be recommended for the manufacture of sleepers from modified wood