ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Abstract

The current state of innovation activity in economically developed countries is determined by the creation of the necessary socio-economic conditions for their entry into a new technological order. Therefore, at present, the role of the state is not only in organizing the innovation process, but also in regulating it, stimulating it, and directly financing the scientific and technological sphere. The specifics of the organization of financing of science and technology, the use of sources and the choice of forms of its implementation are determined primarily by the investment opportunities of a particular country, the role of the state, the specifics of the goals and tasks facing the national economy in the innovation sphere. The study of the current state of state financing of science in the Russian Federation is of particular interest, since it is the mechanism of effective management of federal budget funds that is designed to ensure the progressive socio-economic development of the country, as well as the activation of investment activities in the innovation sphere. The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the financing of Russian science in modern conditions and in historical terms. Various methods were used in the study: analytical, abstract-logical, systematic approach, statistical and economic analysis, the method of analogies, comparative and expert assessments, statistical data processing. As a result of the study, it was found that the situation in the field of science is far from ideal. The share of basic research in the structure of budget support is decreasing, despite the nominal increase in state funding. Our country lags significantly behind the developed countries in terms of such indicators as the share of budget expenditures on scientific research as part of total budget expenditures, as well as in relation to GDP. In addition, we can talk about the insufficient updating of the technological base and the complication of scientific research due to the low percentage of expenses for the purchase of equipment. Analyzing the sources of covering internal costs, we can conclude that despite the increase in the share of budget financing expenditures, business support for science is insignificant. Thus, the system of financing Russian science needs to be improved. In particular, it is necessary to increase state support for scientific infrastructure and human resources, while the allocation of budget funds should be based on the performance of each participant, which requires the creation of a system for monitoring and accounting for the commercialization of intellectual activity results.