Мониторинг распределения температуры при прогнозировании лесных пожаров

Abstract

The article proposes to develop a conceptual approach to the prediction of forest fires. The issue on the impact of temperature changes during the year on the accumulation of moisture in the forest litter is considered. Equation for estimating the relative change of water reserve in the litter depending on the ambient temperature relative change is obtained. It is shown that the availability of winter thaws promotes the accumulation of moisture in the soil and the absence of a thaw in the winter can cause to the consolidation of moisture only on the surface in the form of snow or ice. It is increasing probability of moisture loss after a large spring snow melting and provides grounds for the forecast of increasing the risk of forest fire danger in the summer. The effect of temperature distribution along the radius of the trunk of woody plants in the processes of moisture transfer is considered. It is shown that an electric fields arise in tree trunks in the direction along the radius and along the axis of the tree trunk from exposure of nonuniform temperature field. This fact allows speaking about presence of an electrical mechanism of moisture transfer in the pores of the trunks of woody plants. This mechanism coexists with other mechanisms of sap flow in the summer months because of the existence of temperature difference at the change of day and night. If the tempera-ture of the day and night are almost identical, then the electrical mechanism of moisture redistribution in the stems of woody plants stops, and the risk of fire increases. Monitoring of the temperature distribution in the litter and in the trunks of woody plants using digital sensors with controlled accuracy will predict the likelihood of forest fires in advance.