Дослідження післядії гербіцидів на основні сільськогосподарські культури

Abstract

Goal. To study and evaluate the characteristics and aftereffects of the use of herbicides on major crops. Methods. Information-analytical (collection of materials and analysis of literature sources), field (laying of experiments, accounting, harvesting), chemical (determination of pesticide residues), mathematical and statistical (processing of research results). Results. Technical efficiency of herbicides Logran 75 WG, v.g. (triasulfuron, 750 g/kg), 10 g/ha; Stobob, r.k. (imazethapyr, 50 g/l + bentazone, 400 g/l), 1.2 l/ha; Euro-Lighting®, v.r. (imazamox, 33 g/l + imazapir, 15 g/l), 1.2 l/ha; Komand, 48 k.e. (clomazone, 480 g/l), 0.2 l/ha, which were used in crops of spring barley, soybeans, sunflowers, and winter rape against a wide range of dicotyledonous and cereal weeds was at a high level: 60 days after application it was 90–98%. Residual amounts of active substances of the studied herbicides in the soil were not detected, or they were within the maximum allowable concentrations. Most of the studied herbicides did not harm subsequent crops in crop rotation. Herbicide Euro-Lighting®, v.r. despite the lack of residual amounts in the soil led to the inhibition of crop growth, their development, and reduced productivity. The most sensitive were sugar beets, buckwheat, and sunflower: the yield of these crops decreased by 29.3%; 27.6 and 26.0%, respectively. Conclusions. All investigated herbicides of imidazolinone derivatives (Stobob, r.k., 1.2 l/ha, Euro-Lightning®, v.r., 1.2 l/ha), sulfonylurea (Logran 75 WG, v.g., 10 g/ha) and Komand, 48 k.e., 0.2 l/ha effectively controlled a wide range of weeds in crops. Residual amounts of herbicides in the soil did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations. Phytotoxicity and side effects on subsequent crops in crop rotation in most herbicides in the recommended consumption rates were not detected. The herbicide Euro-Lighting®, v.r., 1.2 l/ha, harmed crops — the plants lagged in growth and had lower yields compared to the control.