БІОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ЧАСНИКУ ОЗИМОГО РІЗНИХ РЕПРОДУКЦІЙ

Abstract

Providing the population with food, agriculture with planting material, and raw materials for the processing and canning industries is an urgent problem of garlic production. Currently, not studied yet the passage and changes in the production processes of garlic plants under the influence of reproduction, which in some way constrains the industrial production of planting material and marketable products in general. Studies on the impact of reproductions on changes in physiological state, plant resistance to disease and productivity were conducted during 2017–2020 in the research field of the Department of Vegetable Growing, Uman National University of Horticulture. During the biometric measurements, a significant change in the variation of approbation traits (height of the plant and scape, number of leaves and its size, number and weight of bulbils, cloves in the bulb) of garlic plants under the influence of reproduction, ie variety testing must indicate what is this generation. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll and the antioxidant enzymes activity in the leaves in III–V reproductions, which significantly affected the productivity and tolerance of plants. Indicators of plant damage disease on a natural infectious background indicated a sharp decrease in the resistance of plants of the Sofiivskyi cultivar in IV–V reproductions, Prometei and Lyubasha cultivarss in III–V. It was found that in the cultivar Sofiivskyi the largest mass of the bulb was formed in the first reproduction, while in the cultivars Prometheus and Lyubasha – in the second, and its gradual decrease to 21.2 % in the fifth reproduction. Yield had a similar trend, where the maximum reduction in yield was observed at 18.2; 28.0 and 17.0 % in the cultivars Sofiivskyi, Prometei and Lyubasha. The developed scientifically substantiated provisions will allow to increase efficiency of selection process and production of seed material.