ОБОСНОВАНИЕ АЛГОРИТМА СОРТИРОВАНИЯ ПЛОДОВ СИСТЕМОЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ЗРЕНИЯ

Abstract

The standard for apples entering the retail trade in the Republic of Belarus provides for the division into three grades: the highest, the first and the second. The general scheme of automated sorting of fruits as a process consisting of their supply, classification and mechanical separation is considered in the article. Feeding of fruits is designed to solve the issues of flow formation and transportation of fruits, classification - detection and recognition of the structure of the fruit, decision making, and mechanical separation of the flow - impact and change of direction of fruit movement. Apples from the 2021 harvest of the Imant, Verbnoye, and Gloucester varieties were used for the study. The analysis of physical parameters showed that their sizes obey the law of normal distribution, while the minimum size of the fetus is 45 mm, and the largest is 95 mm, which inevitably leads to the formation of “twos” of fruits during the formation of the flow. An analysis of the probability of the appearance of possible “twos” of fruits, taking into account agrotechnical requirements, made it possible to substantiate a model of an automated process in which “twos” of fruits belong to a higher grade. A model for sorting apples by quality into 4 classes was proposed. The results of the research were applied in the development of a technological line for sorting and packing apples LSP-4 at the Scientific and Production Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for agricultural mechanization. The analysis of acceptance tests showed the accuracy of sorting fruits by size 75.4%, by size and the presence of defects - 73.1%.