독일형 정치개혁 : 단방제 국가의 연방제적 권력분점 구조

Abstract

This study aims at proposing a German-type political reform on the basis of federalist separation of powers as a way to reform the centralized ruling structure of a unitary state. Efforts to carry out political reforms in Korea have been consistently made in such diverse fields constituting the political system as political party system, electoral system, political leadership, intergovernmental relations, National Assembly management, and so on. Most of those reformative measures have been fragmentarily brought up without considering ‘institutional complementarity.’ Thus, for future political reforms, a more inclusive and comprehensive proposal should be suggested by taking account of institutional complementarity. The first and foremost task for the Korean political reforms is to change the centralized ruling structure. For this purpose, a plan to reform structural problems of centralized politics is essential as the venue has been utilized not for pursuing the politics of reconciliation and consensus but for the confrontational struggle for power. Consequently, not just limiting the presidential power only, but reforming the existing ruling structure of the central government, the relationship of the administration and the legislature, power relations among political parties in the National Assembly is needed. This study suggests a vertically divided ruling structure including the establishment of the Second Chamber(the Upper House) with the perception that a transformation into the ruling structure comprising federalism and decentralization even in a unitary state can be possible.