ГЕНЕТИЧНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ОЗНАКИ ВІЯЛОПОДІБНОГО ЖИЛКУВАННЯ ЛИСТКІВ СОНЯШНИКА

Abstract

The leaves of sunflower – a very important organ from the shape, area and quantity of which depends on the maintenance of the existence of the plant. Setting the inheritance of leaf shapes faces a number of difficulties, namely the difficulty of dividing into classes by form. In the study of D. Shkorich and it was found that increased venation is due to two recessive genes vd1 and vd2. Demurin Y.M. and Tolmachov V.V. reported that fan-like venation is controlled by one recessive gene. In addition, due to mutagenesis, Soroka AI and Lyakhom VO Two lines with fan-like venom were obtained and it was established that this sign is controlled by two different genes in them. In our collection were found 7 samples of different origins with fan-like vein leaf. We set the goal to determine the nature of the inheritance, the number of genes that determine the sign of fan-like vein in our collection. The studies were conducted according to the classical genetics scheme. As a material, lines with signs of fan-like venation were involved in cross-breeding. This is a line with previously established inheritance of VIR 130, MV8 and 5 not investigated earlier lines: InK630, InK1589, LD835, InK2218, KG16. Their leaf had an enhanced vein. The sheet plate was coated with several veins that diverged from the bottom of the leaf under sharp angles and created a fan-shaped plate. Until then, the severely cut edge of the leaf blade was observed. In most of the lines, narrow and long edge flowers were observed. Except lines VIR130 and InK2218. Lines with fan-like fluidization of the leaf blade: VIR130, InK630, KG16, InK2218, and MV8 were included in the crossing with lines with conventional leaves. The crossing of lines with the usual leaves with the lines having a sign of fan-like venation in the first generation had no manifestation of fan-like venation. In the second generation, splitting of plants into conventional plants and plants with fan-like licking were observed. In the combinations of crosses: the ZL169 x VIR130, Temp1254xInK630, InK630hTemp1254, InK630xMV4, KG16xZL169, I2K439hI2K2218, I2K2218hI2K439, InK1724хMV8, VIR130hLD1231-2, KG16hLD1231-2, two classes of plants were obtained: with normal feminine and fan-like. The last class has always been in the minority and the descendants of the second generation corresponded to the ratio of 3: 1 on the basis of Pearson. In the splits from the combinations of Temp1254xInK630, InK630xTemp1254, InK630xMV4, KG16xZL169, InK1724хMV8, КГ16хLD1231-2 in the plants of the second generation, narrowing of the ray flowers was observed along with the presence of fan-like veins. In addition, the leaves with fan-like veines had a very cut edge of the leaf blade. By observation, these signs were not separated in any one offspring of the second generation from the presented crosses. To establish the genetic affinity of a line with similar leaves was crossed with each other. The descendants of the first and second generation of the following combinations were obtained: VIR130 x LD835, InK2218 x VIR130, MV8 x LD835, VIR130 x MV8, InK630 x InK2218, KG16 x VIR130. All plants of the first and second generation had the leaves with fan-like veines. The lines had differences based on other features with a well-known inheritance, which allows us to assert that getting true hybrids. The line InK1589 with the same the leaves with fan-like veines was also selected from the collection. According to morphological features, it was similar to KG16. We also crossed these two lines for identification in both directions. The resulting plants were completely identical and did not even the effect of heterosis on signs of height, basket sizes or others in the first generation. This indicates the complete identity of the lines. In general, all isolated lines were identified as being due to the recessive allele of one gene. In the combinations of identification with the participation of the lines VIR130 and InK2218 in the splits, one could observe the differences in the shape of the edge of the leaf blade. But the presence of more or less narrower ray flowers, but to allocate such plants in separate classes with a clear gradation we failed. Possible to assert only the presence of one gene that controls fan-like venation. Perhaps this gene also has several alleles, of which there are those that additionally determine the shape of the edge of the leaf blade and the elongation of the ray flowers.