Abstract
The article considers Russian philosophy as a factor of civilizational identity of Russia, which is actualized in the XXI century for objective reasons. The article analyzes the historical origins of Russian civilizational self-consciousness and their influence on the historical fate of the state and national character. The author defines the differences between the Western, Eastern and Russian types of philosophy, while the latter is defined as “post-Occidental”, that is, as a reflection on the Western tradition, and not epigonism in it. Special attention is paid to insufficiently known texts-the novel “Russian nights” by V.F. Odoevsky and the letters of “late” P. ya. Chaadaev, which give the earliest, but already classic definitions of the civilizational identity of Russia. Further directions of development of this topic in theoretical and practical aspects are proposed.
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