הממשק בין הכנסת לממשלה בתהליכי חקיקה ממשלתית <br>The Interface Between the Government and the Knesset With Regard to Government Bills

Abstract

תקציר בעברית: כנסת ישראל נחשבת פרלמנט שהיקפי החקיקה שלו אדירים וכזה שהממשלה שולטת בו בסדר היום ובהליך החקיקה. אך כיצד באים לידי ביטוי מאפיינים אלו בתהליך החקיקה הממשלתי, למן הרגע שבו מתגבש במשרד ממשלתי רעיון להצעת חוק ועד לכניסתו של חוק זה לספר החוקים? אילו חולשות ואילו עוצמות מתגלות בתהליך? ומי משתי הרשויות היא שמנהלת בישראל את תהליך החקיקה הממשלתי – הרשות המחוקקת או הרשות המבצעת? English Abstract: During the past 150 years, the modern democratic state has seen a change in the power relations between the legislative authority and the executive authority concerning the role of the Parliament as a legislative authority. One of the main manifestations of this change was a significant increase in legislative initiatives by governments submitted to Parliament for approval. Administrative work on these types of bills begins in government ministries, formulating and drafting bills for submission to the Knesset where formal legislative procedures open concerning the bill. Despite these changes, in Israel, to date, the legislative process has been examined only from the time the proposed legislation is placed on the plenum table and did not include the drafting and approval processes of government-initiated bills in the government. In consequence, the interface between these two authorities has not been examined either – neither with regard to the government’s administrative work nor with regard to the bill’s approval process in the Knesset. This study presents a comprehensive and inclusive picture of the drafting and approval processes for government-sponsored bills – in the government and in the Knesset. To this end, the research traces the process of drafting the bill in the government ministry and continues by examining the duration of treatment for this type of legislation in the Knesset and its committees and, for the first time, presents the interface between these two authorities – the government and the Knesset. The study also poses questions for continuing discussion and research on this topic.