О формообразующей функции эпиграфа и об анаграмме “Ausoni” в стихотворении Ф. И. Тютчева “Певучесть есть в морских волнах…”

Abstract

The Latin epigraph to F.I. Tiutchev's poem “Pеvuchеst' еst' v mоrskikh volnakh…” (1865) is known as a version of a poetic line which belongs to the Roman poet Decimus Magnus Ausonius (310–394). This paper proposes a hypothesis which explains why the name of Ausonius does not appear under the epigraph. It shows how certain words within the epigraph, and some poetic techniques associated with the name of its author, as well as his name as such, strongly influence the text of Tiutchev's poem on various levels. Ausonius's experiments, and the exploration of such compositional devices as anagram, acrostic, telestic, and mesostic happen to affect Tiutchev's poetic technique, especially in the rhymes and in the final stanza. In the light of this study it becomes clear that the tradition of publishing just three out of the four stanzas may be harmful to both the poem's composition and its meaning.