СОСТОЯНИЕ ШАПШАЛЬСКОГО ЦЕНТРА ОЛЕДЕНЕНИЯ (ВОСТОЧНЫЙ АЛТАЙ) В 2015 ГОДУ

Abstract

Catalogues and maps of glaciers (for 2015) of Shapshal Glacier Center, located in the eastern part of the Russian Altai, have been created based on the first field glaciological observations and space images interpretation. In total 123 glaciers with the total area of 14.07 km2 have been allocated. In comparison with the data from the Glacier Inventory of the USSR (1955–1965), the total area of the glaciers has decreased by more than 2 times. The lower limit of glacier development is 2475 m, to the south-east of the region it rises by 1 km, the height of the firm line rises from 2860 m to 3460 m, respectively. Small glaciers prevail (70% of glaciers have an area less than 0.1 km2, the area of the largest glacier is 0.9 km2). In terms of quantity and area, cirque glaciers predominate, there are no valley glaciers. The largest numbers of glaciers have northern and northeastern exposure, with the largest areas of glaciers concentrated on the north-eastern slopes. The highest glaciation intensity has been detected on the eastern slope of the Skalistiy Ridge and the northeastern slope of the southern part of the Shapshalsky Ridge in the upper reaches of the Chon-Khem River, which are optimal for glaciers by a combination of mountain heights and position relative to moisture-bearing atmospheric flows. To the west of these areas, intensity of glacierization decreases due to lower mountain heights, to the east – due to lower precipitation. In general, with low (0.1 km−1 and less) intensity of glacierization, the Shapshal Centre is an area of dispersed glaciation, most glaciers of which are on the verge of disappearance.