НЕСПРИЯТЛИВІ АГРОМЕТЕОРОЛОГІЧНІ ЯВИЩА НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ ПРОТЯГОМ 2006-2020 рр.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of weather conditions of adverse agrometeorological phenomena (droughts) on the territory of Ukraine during the fifteen-year period of 2006-2020. The purpose of the work is to establish the peculiarities of the temperature and humidity regime in the months of the warm period of the year during certain years of the last fifteen-year period, taking into account the droughts that were observed in this period. For each year and month of the studied period, an analysis of the relevant weather conditions accompanying droughts in the territory of Ukraine was carried out. The influence of temperature conditions and features of humidification on the territorial distribution and duration of droughts has been proven. In general, during the studied period, it was established that drought phenomena were not observed only in 2012, 2016, 2018 and 2019. Droughts could start in the air or in the soil and eventually develop into air-soil droughts. In 10 years of the studied period, severe air and soil droughts were observed in large areas. Mostly droughts were observed from the end of June to the end of July, but in some years droughts could start from April and be observed with certain breaks until the beginning (mid) of autumn. In 2011, there was a case of air drought at the end of February and in March. In addition, in some years, air-soil droughts could be observed in autumn not only from its beginning, but also until its end (November 2011, 2015). For the most part, territorial droughts during 2006-2020 were observed in the east, southeast, and south, but they could also be observed in most of the country, including part of the northern territories. In some years, droughts were accompanied by droughts and dust storms. It was established that in the months of the warm period of the year, the average monthly air temperature was mostly above the norm by 1-2º C, while in some months and years the norm could be significantly exceeded, especially in the summer months from 4 to 7º. In autumn, for the most part, the average monthly air temperature was within normal limits, but in some years it was 1-3º degrees above normal. Precipitation during the studied months was extremely unevenly distributed across the territory of Ukraine. In the spring, precipitation was mostly close to normal. In the summer months, precipitation was often insufficient, sometimes less than half of the norm. In autumn, the amount of precipitation increased mostly to the norm and above, but in some years a deficit of precipitation was observed in most of the territory of Ukraine. At the end of autumn, mostly precipitation fell close to norm, and in some places even more than normal.