ДИНАМИКА ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ ДЕРМАТОФИТИЯМИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ЗА 2005-2020 гг.

Abstract

Significance. The incidence of dermatophytosis is a medical and social problem due to their wide dissemination. It is known that the transmission of infection is due to non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and through stray animals. There are many resort areas in the Russian Federation that are overcrowded and, as a rule, there are many stray cats. At the same time, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the access to medical specialists has somewhat decreased due to epidemiological restrictions. In this regard, it is of interest to study the dynamics and structure of the incidence of dermatophytosis in the Russian Federation in order to identify the most disadvantaged constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of incidence to develop targeted measures to prevent the spread of dermatophytes. The purpose of the study is to analyze peculiar features in the dynamics and structure of the dermatophyte incidence in the Russian Federation. Material and methods: the analysis was based on data of the federal statistical observation forms No.9 and No.34 for 2005-2020. The study used analytical method, and method of descriptive statistics to undertake a retrospective analysis of data on the incidence of dermatophytosis and contingents of patients. For data processing, MS Office Excel 2010 spreadsheets and Statistica10 program were used. Results: In the structure of dermatophytosis in 2020, mycoses of the feet and hands (67.2%) prevailed, followed by microsporia (26.3%) and trichophytosis (0.74%). In the dynamics in 2005-2020, the incidence rates of mycoses of the feet and hands decreased by 31.8%, microsporia - by 11.2%, trichophytosis - by 46.2%, while the incidence of onychomycosis increased by 13.3%. It is noteworthy that out of all newly diagnosed cases of microsporia in the Russian Federation in 2020, children aged 0-14 years accounted for up to 77.4%; trichophytosis in this age group of children accounted for up to 61.5% of all cases. A widespread decrease in the incidence of fungal infections of the feet and hands and increased incidence of microsporia and trichophytosis have been registered in individual federal districts. Conclusions: new data obtained from the analysis of the incidence of dermatophytosis in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation indicate regional features of the distribution with the predominant share of pediatric population among those with microsporia and trichophytosis. Scope of application. The study results may be of interest to health officers, practitioners, residents and graduate students of medical universities.