ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЛИКВИДАЦИИ НЕГРАМОТНОСТИ В ВОСТОЧНОМ ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЕ В 1920-Е ГГ.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of campaigns to eliminate illiteracy of the adult population, which were carried out in Eastern Transbaikalia in the 1920s. The Soviet policy of raising the educational level of adult able-bodied workers and peasants has repeatedly become the subject of research by historians, sociologists, teachers, but at the same time has not lost its scientific potential. Currently, the features of the implementation of this policy in various regions of our country are being actively studied. The local material makes it possible to trace the problems of the practical activities of educational institutions for the adult population (health centers and schools for the illiterate), among which are the lack of material resources, the lack of teachers (especially in rural areas), their low qualifications, which had a negative impact on the organization of training sessions. Within the framework of this article, the author draws attention to the relatively poorly studied problem of the outflow of the trained contingent from such institutions. Historical sources indicate that this problem was very acute and jeopardized the implementation of plans to eradicate illiteracy. Adult students stopped attending educational institutions for a variety of reasons, but the main one was weak personal motivation to learn. The author examines the measures that the local leadership resorted to in an effort to solve this problem (agitation and propaganda among the masses, negative and positive sanctions against the contingent of health centers and schools for the illiterate), and their effectiveness is assessed. The article was written on the basis of unpublished and published documents from the funds of the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.