Каузальный след в индивидуально-интеллектуальных интеграциях. Сообщение 1. Интеграции и каузальность

Abstract

Today, there is a huge variety of theories, empirical models that explain different aspects of the human psyche. All this diversity leads to a «faceted» psychology (D.V. Ushakov). Is it possible to move from this state of empirical multidimensionality to a holistic understanding of the person? Ya.A. Ponomarev proposed two ways to solve this problem: the «top-down» synthesis and the «bottom-up» synthesis. The former involves moving from theory to empirical verification, the latter — from empirical models to the-oretical generalizations. A third way is also possible: integration «from above» and «from below» jointly, i.e. theoretically and empirically from a unified standpoint. This ensures the complementarity of theory and empiricism. This paper aims to study the possibility of cross-empirical individual-intellectual integra-tions on a cross-theoretical basis, which consists of V.S. Merlin’s theory of integral individuality, D.V. Ushakov’s structural-dynamic theory of intelligence, and J. Guilford’s theory of divergent (creative) thinking. The methodological bases of the study are the general scientific principle of consistency; the polysystemic approach, which involves both distinguishing several systems and combining them into a larger metasystem; the integrative approach in psychology. The main research methods were theoretical analysis, synthesis, and generalization. Three lines of integration have been outlined: a theoretical view and an empirical view implemented jointly, cross-theoretical, and cross-empirical approaches. Based on the study of the near causes and the causal process, the concept of causal chains has been developed. It al-lows one to study the changes and dynamics of individual-intellectual integrations. Homogeneous and heterogeneous causal chains have been identified. This paper is the first to suggest considering individu-al-intellectual integrations from the perspective of the causal chain. The results of the theoretical analysis can be used for empirical detection of individual-intellectual integrations as major components of educa-tional capital.