Abstract
Goal. Improvement of the method of obtaining solid organo-mineral fertilizer with the use of leonardite. Methods. Laboratory-analytical, model, statistical. Results. Technological approaches to the processing of natural raw materials into organo-mineral fertilizers with the definite composition of nutrients are proposed. The expediency of enriching leonardite with a starting complex of nutrients, which enhances the fertilizer-stimulating effect and allows to obtain fertilizers with improved agro-chemical properties and increased physiological activity, has been scientifically substantiated. The optimal ratio in mixture of components of solid organo-mineral fertilizers is 1:1. Such mixture contains organic (leonardite with a moisture content of at least 40%) and mineral (a complex fertilizer N16P16K16) components. The mixture contain easily digestible form all 3 basic nutrients that significantly improve the quality of the final product without decreasing the functionality of mineral and organic components as a nutritional value for plants. The technology of preparation of solid organo-mineral fertilizers provides a separate stage of grinding organic and mineral components, during which they are stabilized. The next technological stage is the enrichment of leonardite in the appropriate ratio of the starting complex of nutrients with the replacement of water with mineral components and the process of saturation of leonardite with subsequent granulation and drying of the finished product. Conclusions. The proposed method of obtaining organo-mineral fertilizer is based on the use of available organic and mineral raw materials, which transform into organo-mineral form, balanced in the content of humic substances, macro- and micronutrients.
Highlights
Today, in the conditions of constant growth of prices for mineral fertilizers and shortage of fertilizers of organic origin in the regions of Ukraine where there are reserves of natural raw materials actively implement technologies for production of organo-mineral fertilizers (OMF) nutrients [14]
Based on the model experiments, it was found that the best mineral component for enrichment of Leonardite is a complex fertilizer - nitroammophoska (N16P16K16) in a ratio of 1:1, which contains in digestible form all three basic nutrients, it significantly improves the quality of the final product without compromising functionality. mineral and organic components as a nutritional value for plants
In the process of developing the technology of obtaining OMF it was found that the moisture content of raw materials before saturation with its mineral components should be not less than 40%, the diameter of leonardite particles and mineral component not more than 2 mm, and the humidity of the fertilizer after granulation up to 15%
Summary
To achieve this goal used a number of experimental studies: laboratoryanalytical - to determine the agrochemical composition of leonardite and organo-mineral fertilizers based on it, model - to study the technological process of obtaining solid organo-mineral fertilizers, statistical - to establish the reliability of experimental data using Statistica 10 software. Scientific developments in the laboratory of organic fertilizers and humus have proven the possibility of using leonardite for the production of solid OMF, the effectiveness of which is due to the high mobility of humic substances and nitrogen of organic compounds, trace elements and good binder for making granular product [22-24]. This is very important, because the roots do not penetrate into the mineral granule, but bypass it, while in experiments with OMF plant roots penetrated the granules, absorbing nutrients from the soil solution, and directly from fertilizers.
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