Сателлитные клетки скелетных мышц в условиях гравитационной разгрузки

Abstract

It is known that skeletal muscles have a high degree of plasticity. Gravitational unloading has a strong impact on the structural and functional organization of the postural muscles. Skeletal muscle has a unique ability to repair damage. Recovery (regeneration) of muscles is carried out by satellite cells. Myosatellites are quiescent mononuclear cells (G0 phase of the cell cycle) located at the periphery of the muscle fiber. When muscles are damaged, satellite cells are activated, they participate in proliferation and give rise to new satellite cells and myoblasts. Differentiated myoblasts can fuse with muscle fibers during muscle hypertrophy and regeneration, as well as with each other to form new muscle fibers. Studies of the effect of gravitational unloading on muscle satellite cells are few. This review to consider of the influence of gravitational unloading on the pool of muscle satellite cells and the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. Based on the literature data, the authors found, that the mechanisms underlying the change in the regenerative potential of muscles under gravitational unloading conditions are poorly understood. The authors highlight the need for further studies of the regenerative potential of satellite cells under microgravity conditions.