Фитопатологическая экспертиза сортов картофеля в условиях Московской области

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of the work is to conduct a phytopathological assessment of new domestic potato varieties in the conditions of the Central Region and to identify among them samples that are characterized by a high stable level of resistance to diseases. Methods. The research was carried out at the experimental base “Korenevo” in the Moscow region in 2019–2020. The soil is sod-podzolic sandy loam. The SCC of the growing seasons in 2019 is 1.39 (wet) and in 2020 2.1 (wet). The object of research is 45 varieties of domestic selection from different scientific institutions. All counts were carried out in accordance with standard methods on a natural infectious background. Results. The agrometeological conditions of the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020 contributed to the development of late blight and were satisfactory for the defeat of potato tops by alternariasis. The prevalence of rhizoctoniosis was different – moderate-depressive in 2019 and high in 2020. The lowest incidence over these years was noted only in the Morning variety-1 % (viral diseases). Potato varieties without symptoms of plant damage by rhizoctoniosis – Merchant and Morning, wrinkled mosaic – 19 varieties (41.3 %), twisting of leaves – 32 varieties (69.6 %) were identified. 33 (73.3 %) cultivars showed high resistance (8–9 points) to late blight, and 13 (28.9 %) to alternariasis. The varieties Kupets, Mariinskiy, Prizer, Tret’yakovka, Alyaska, Brusnichka, Kumach, Plamya, Signal, and Utro were distinguished by their complex resistance to these diseases. The autumn tuberous analysis showed that in 21 varieties (46.7 %) tubers were not affected by rhizoctoniosis, 28 (62.2 %) – scab, 11 (24.4 %) – wet rot. On the varieties of Lingonberry, Northern Lights, Signal and Sokur and on the hybrid G-6-14-11 no tubers with defects were found. Scientific novelty. A comprehensive phytopathological assessment of new domestic potato varieties in relation to the conditions of the Moscow region was carried out and samples with plant and tuber resistance to major diseases were identified.