Аналіз сутності музейної справи сьогодні та в перспективі

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the essence of museum workmanship today and in the future. Research methods include analysis, observation, comparison and generalization of data on the activities of museum institutions and enterprises, as well as scientific literature. The functions of museums are complex, given the variety of forms of their activities. Until recently, traditional forms of exhibiting were cultivated, and detailed information could be obtained during excursions. Today, the cultural and educational activities of museums have undergone significant changes: the educational and upbringing functions are realized by means of modernized educational programs, digital and factual materials, cultural and artistic events, in cooperation with educational institutions; the entertainment function is manifested in the active participation of individuals in creative workshops, clubs, recreation evenings, concerts, and in the creation of commercial structures on the territory of museums, such as restaurants, bars, and merch stalls. In other words, museums are gradually becoming part of the entertainment industry. With the advent of the media and the Internet, the role of the museum in society has been significantly transformed. Nowadays, the main functions of disseminating culture, which used to belong to museums, have been transferred to the mass media (press, television, and the Internet). At the same time, the role of museums and museum networks in the global «broadcasting» of cultural heritage is growing. Modern museums around the world have acquired this «broadcasting» function with the widespread introduction of the latest museum technologies. In the era of the information boom, an urgent problem for museums is the desire to maintain the bar of public interest, relevance, and popularity of the institution among visitors. In such realities, the very idea of a museum exhibition as something unshakable and stable in time is transformed, and a space for a virtual museum appears. Another innovation is holding presentations of public resonance in the museum. Traditional subjects of presentations for Ukrainian museums are the release of a new art catalog or album, a book by a famous scientist, a new archaeological find, an exhibit transferred to the museum, etc. The statistics of recent years, based on such indicators as the popularity of the museum among virtual and real visitors, the prestige of the museum, and public awareness of the museum’s existence and activities, have convincingly proved that in the information society, those museums that successfully compete with other institutions of the leisure industry are those that disseminate information about themselves as fully and widely as possible.