Abstract
الملخص : اجتهد النحويون في وضع أصول النحو العربي منذ بداية الطور الأول البصري إلى أن انتهت جميع أبوابه في الطورين الثاني والثالث من أطوار النحو على يد الطبقة السابعة البصرية والخامسة الکوفية, فشمل النحو أبواب الصرف کذلک , ثم وزعوا هذه الأبواب على ترتيب ماله الأولوية من الأصول, و الفروع التي تحمل عليها , مبتدئين بالأسماء والأفعال والحروف, فجرى الاتفاق بينهم على أن الاسم هو الأصل لتمکنه وقبوله حروف الجر والتنوين, والإسناد, النداء والتعريف بأل , والفعل والحرف فرعان, ثم الحديث عن الإعراب والبناء في الأسماء فجرى القول على أن المعرب هو الأصل, لأنه؛ الأقوى وأصل الإعراب الضم , وبعد ذلک تناولوا أصولية الجموع وفرعيتها؛ فاتفقوا على أن التذکير هو الأصل والتأنيث فرعا عليه. أما أقوالهم عن أصولية الأفعال وفرعيتها, فقد قسموا الأفعال إلى ثلاثة أقسام باعتبار الزمن : ماض حاضر ومستقبل , ثم اختلفوا في أيهم أصل ومقدم . وناقشت اختلافاتهم في الأصول والفروع واختلافهم في الفعل والمصدر أيهما مشتق من الآخر , فذهب البصريون إلى أن الفعل مشتق من المصدر لخفته , وذهب الکوفيون إلى أن المصدر مشتق من الفعل لدلالته على الحدث , وبعد ذلک فصلوا القول عن اهتمامهم بالأصول و إهمالهم الفروع ,مستشهدين بآيات الذکر الحکيم والشعر العربي , ويشمل کلامهم مراعاة مراجعة الأصل الأقرب دون الفرع وقد أفاضوا في الدراسة عن انحطاط الفروع عن رتب الأصول بقولهم: إن الفرع أحط رتبة من الأصل وتناولوا الأصول المنصرف عنها إلي الفروع وما جاء شاذا منها للضرورة. Abstract The grammarians worked hard to establish the fundamentals of Arabic grammar from the beginning of the first stage at Basra until all its rules were finished in the second and third stages of the grammar by the seventh class at Basra and fifth class of Koufic. The theories of Arabic grammar at that time included the structure chapters, also . After that they classified all these chapters according to their necessity and priority into the fundamentals and the branches starting with nouns, verbs and letters. They agreed that the noun is the fundamental and this because it can be easily used and accompanied with prepositions, Noonation (Nunation) (tanween) and the definite article solar laam lunar laam . They also agreed that verb and the letter are two branches. Then they talked about the verbal expressions (indicative, subjunctive and jussive moods) and the structure of nouns and said that the verbal expressions noun is the origin because it is the strongest and the origin of the mood signs is Damma . After that they talked about the origin and the branches if the different kinds of the plurals and agreed that the masculinity is the origin and the feminity is a branch. But according to what the grammarians said about the origin and the branches in verbs: - They sorted the verbs to three types the simple past , the simple present and the simple future and do not agreed which one of them is the origin and has the priority. Then Mohammad Bin Al Serag said that the present simple is the origin and has the priority. Also, the grammarians had different opinions about the origins sources and the branches of the verb and the infinitive : -Which one is derived from the other? The Basra grammarians said that the verb is derived from the infinitive that is because it is lighter easier in use and pronunciation but the Koufic grammarian said that the infinitive is derived from the verb because it explains what is happening clearer. After that, they classified the fundamentals and the branches according to the verses quoted from of the Holy Quran and the Arabic poetry. They also put in their consideration reviewing the near origin not the branch. They went deeply in study about degeneration of the branches comparing with the origin saying The branch is downgraded from the origin. and they used the origin that are not commonly used than the used branches and the odd ones for necessity.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.