Характерные особенности течения герпесвирусных инфекций во время беременности

Abstract

Herpesvirus infections are widespread all over the world. According to literature, more than 90% of human population are infected with one or more herpes viruses. Evidence has been published that the lytic forms of Epstein–Barr virus infection (EBV) are the threatening factor for miscarriage, preterm delivery and intrauterine infection. Epstein–Barr virus infection holds a prominent position in the structure of intrauterine infections (about 50%). It is capable of causing various types of damage in the fetus and neonate (damage to the nervous system and organs of vision, recurrent chronic septicemia, hepatopathy and respiratory distress syndrome), and could cause chronic fatigue syndrome, persistent low grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly later in the child's life. EBV infection or reactivation during pregnancy affects not only the course and outcome of pregnancy, but also the psychological condition of the pregnant woman. The literature describes the common association of the EBV active forms with maternal depressive symptoms in pregnancy and early postnatal period. EBV reactivation most often occurs in the first or second trimester. Treatment of the EBV active forms requires a comprehensive approach, which includes etiotropic, pathogenetic, immunomodulatory, and symptomatic therapy. Generally, pathogenetic therapy, immunotherapy, and symptomatic therapy are provided during pregnancy. Etiotropic therapy is extremely rare since none of the antiviral drugs are licensed for use in pregnancy.