Характеристика перебігу епідемічного процесу скарлатини у сучасних умовах

Abstract

S carlet fever is one of the most common nosological forms of group A streptococcal infection (SGA). In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of this infection in the countries of Europe and Asia, the USA and Canada. The analysis of professional publications of different countries of the world regarding the manifestations of the epidemic process of scarlet fever was carried out, as well as information on epidemiological studies conducted by the authors was provided. It has been established that children remain the leading risk group for scarlet fever, men are more often affected among adults, but the role of young women who care for children as a source of infection is increasing. The aerosol-aspiration mechanism of transmission of the causative agent of scarlet fever is realized by airborne and contact-household ways of its transmission. There is an intensification of the contact-household way of transmission of the pathogen. An atypical course of scarlet fever is observed with manifestations of co-infection, in particular, gastroenterocolitis, chicken pox and respiratory infections. A significant number of publications are devoted to the influence of environmental factors on the course of the epidemic process of scarlet fever. The authors note a direct correlation between the incidence of scarlet fever and atmospheric air pollutants, meteorological factors, as well as the influence of social and economic factors on the epidemic situation of this infection. Long-term use of antibiotics has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistance to the most common drugs, which prompts scientists to develop vaccines against iSGA. So, scarlet fever is characterized by widespread distribution, impression of mainly children, co-infection, atypical clinical course, especially in immunocompromised persons, and implementation of the contact-household way of transmission of the pathogen. The influence of social, natural and environmental factors on the course of the epidemic process of scarlet fever has been established, which is important to consider when conducting epidemiological surveillance of this infection. The introduction of vaccination against iSGA will contribute to the reduction of antibiotic resistance, which is currently a global problem for humanity. We consider it necessary to include scarlet fever and other iSGA in the list of infectious diseases subject to registration in Ukraine. Key words: scarlet fever, incidence, risk groups, ways of pathogen transmission, atypical course, co-infection, environmental factors, antibiotic resistance.