ПОЛІТИЧНА СУБ’ЄКТНІСТЬ В УМОВАХ ФОРМУВАННЯ НОВОГО СВІТОПОРЯДКУ

Abstract

The research problem of the forms and characteristics of political subjectivity transformation within the framework of the new political world order formation is actualized in this article. The erosion of power, the legitimacy crisis of key political institutions, the rapid development of information technology and the accessibility of big data have resulted in entry threshold into politics and an increase in the influence of macro actors (non-institutionalized and initially non-political, mostly group-based). The concept of political subjectivity and the category of subjectlessness of politics as a phenomenon and a procedural characteristic require rethinking within political science. The aim of the publication was to conceptualize the political subjectivity and pre-title categories in the context of the key theoretical and methodological approaches of the interdisciplinary academic discourse. The understanding of political subjectivity within the framework of institutionalism, systems theory, post-bihevioralism and interest group theory, activist sociology and the actor-network theory is highlighted. It is paid an attention to the concept of the «death of the subject» in poststructuralism (M. Foucault), the categories of agency and habitus in structuralist constructivism (P. Bourdieu), the concept of inter-subjectivity in politics (H. Arendt, J. Habermas) and society as a set of practices (S. Muff, St. Laclau), the idea of rupture and interpassivity (S. Žižek) etc. The theory of capital conversion, which can be used to analyze the «profile of subjectivity» of political actors, is considered. The author’s definition of the categories of «political actor» and «political subject» is given. The authors conclude that the most optimal for the study of the subjectivity of political actors in the new world order is the synergistic paradigm, or complexity theory. According to this paradigm, if there are political actors (institutions, interest groups, individuals) in the political space, their influence on the transformation of the political space is possible at bifurcation points and has a random and unpredictable nature. The formation of a new world order as a nonlinear political process is characterized by the trend of subjectlessness as a general procedural characteristic. As a method for studying this trend, the method assemblage (J. Lo) as a process of «gathering» the objects of reality is suggested.