Печерне чернецтво Галичини: проблема інтерпретації, локалізації та охорони

Abstract

The problem of the little-known, complex and multifaceted history of the medieval cave monasticism of Galicia is raised. In the most difficult period of national history, it defended the basic principles and principles of national dignity, social tolerance, Christian spirit and upbringing in far from difficult conditions. Based on the results of archeological and speleological researches of a number of monuments, the existence of a significant variety of cave monuments in Galician lands (cult altars, churches, monasteries, proto-monastery houses, cells of hermits, ascetics, etc.) was noted. In the context of the presentation of the material, the peculiarities of the organizational structure of medieval monasticism, ways and reasons of development and decline of monastic communities are considered. There are also the main features and types of cave dwellings of statutory monasticism, buildings characteristic of ascetics, kinovites, keliots, idiorhythms, which are almost unknown in historical science and can be a significant addition to the treasury of national historical and cultural heritage. The difficult problem of preserving the cave heritage of medieval monasticism is emphasized. In comparison with the information of the authors of the XIX century at present, many monuments of cave monasticism have long disappeared or suffered irreparable damage under the influence of natural, anthropogenic and other factors. Preservation of the national historical and cultural heritage should become an important and urgent task of the relevant social structures. Key words: cave cavities, cells, localization, interpretation, historical and cultural monuments.