Биология техники: анализ эволюционных подходов в современной техносфере

Abstract

The article examines the prospects of biological evolutionary approaches in technosphere in the context of philosophic issues. Consideration of these prospects is based, on the one hand, on methods and research in the field of philosophy of technology, as well as historical epistemology, and on the other hand, on the analysis of modern research on the application of biological ap­proaches in Internet technologies. The author examines the organics and the technics concept genesis, starting with Ernst Kapp, and dwells on the work of Georges Canguilhem on machines and organisms. Then the article discusses the work of Ray Paton as a researcher on biological metaphors in Internet tech­nologies, and two technical papers describing the cases of evolutionary ap­proaches in network processes. In conclusion, the author analyzes the reduc­tionist concept of technical and biological evolution by Adrian Bejan, who considered the unity of evolution of the human-machine species, and notes the importance of actor-network theory approaches, working on a symmetric language for people and machines description. The author demonstrates the prom­ise of biological approaches to network technologies, emphasizing, neverthe­less, first, the greater complexity of the biological in comparison with the con­trolled technical, and, secondly, the need for interdisciplinary consideration, within the framework of which the methodological and conceptual problems of such studies become apparent.