Омск как культурный центр в отражении городской топонимии

Abstract

The article characterizes urban toponymy associated with the cultural development of Omsk. It examines the names of city streets in honor of cultural figures - poets and writers, scientists, artists, composers, represented in the cultural landscape of the city. The main stages in the development of the “cultural” toponymy of the city are highlighted, as well as the factors that determined its evolution in different periods of the country's history. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. the city had a small number of godonyms - street names associated with its cultural development. As a rule, these are streets that got their name from the location of city educational institutions and religious institutions. In the 1920s in the toponymy of the city there is a revolution as a consequence of the political revolution, the formation of a new Soviet statehood and ideology. In Omsk, streets appeared in memory of the classics of Russian literature, whose works were distinguished by a democratic orientation, narrated about the life of the people, as well as in honor of famous Soviet writers and public figures. In the 1930s commemorative practices in the field of toponymy were determined by the guidelines of the Stalinist “cultural revolution”. During this period, streets appeared on the city map that immortalized the names of writers, literary critics, democratic revolutionaries, socialists, popular Soviet writers, national cultural figures, outstanding Russian and Soviet scientists. In the 1950s - 1980s. The formation of the city's toponymy was greatly influenced by such processes in the country's socio-political life as the “thaw”, de-Stalinization and the debunking of the “cult of personality”. A new trend of this time was the expansion of the repertoire of urbanonymic foundations by naming streets in honor of local cultural figures. The social order of the era for science was also reflected in the toponymic space of the city: many streets appeared on the map of Omsk during this period in honor of the great Russian scientists, inventors, and founders of astronautics. In the post-Soviet period of history in the 1990s - 2000s. in the conditions of the collapse of the previous ideological system, the search for a new identity was expressed in turning to Russian and Soviet culture, updating its heritage in toponymy. The trend of naming city streets in memory of local cultural figures has also intensified as an expression of the desire of the city community and local authorities to gain local identity and create a positive, unique, recognizable, investment-attractive image of the city.