Abstract
Bamboo trees have high economic values because of rapid growth rate, rich biomass components and good health effects. Among several parts of bamboo tree, bamboo stem contains a considerable amount of cellulose and lignin, and a little amount of minerals, silica, and etc. In this study, domestic bamboos (Phyllostachys bambusoides (1) and Phyllostachys nigra var. henosis (2)) lignins were prepared by steam explosion (temperature 210oC, 2 MPa) and organosolv pretreatment. The results showed that steam explosion lignin (SEL1, SEL2) had a higher yield (12% and 21%). Characteristics of lignin structures were confirmed by FT-IR, and SUP1/SUPH-, SUP13/SUPC-, and 2D HSQC NMR. SEL1 and SEL2 were the typical GHS-type lignins and their bonds units were predominantly β-O-4’linkages. Antioxidant effects were assayed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The antioxidant activity of SEL1 was the best, and IC50 value of 383.89±25.35 μg/mL and 131.78±0.99 μg/mL, respectively. Cytotoxic concentration levels of all lignin samples were 100 μg/mL based on MTT assay. To confirm the UV protection effect of lignin, SEL1 was added to commercial sunscreen (SPF 15) and moisturizing cream (no SPF) respectively. Addition of 10 wt% lignin to commercial sunscreen increased 45% of UV absorbance higher than moisturizing cream after 2 h of UV (UVA+UVB) radiation. The result of lignin addition has shown synergistic effects in UV protection and antioxidant effect.
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