ПИЛОТИРУЕМЫЙ КОСМИЧЕСКИЙ ПОЛЕТ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ ПРОТЕОМИКИ

Abstract

Review summarizes the data acquired at the IBMP laboratory of proteomics over the past decade in space and ground model experiments. The use of mass-spectrometry for panorama, semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis of human bio-liquids shed light on the molecular mechanisms, including and nets of molecular interactions involved in the adaptive response of healthy human organism to the extreme conditions in orbital missions, wintering in the Antarctic, and simulation studies such as bed rest (BR), dry immersion (DI), isolation chamber studies, exposure in a hypomagnetic stand and rotation on a short-arm centrifuge. Proteomic investigations revealed the common elements of pathogenesis in the process of adaptation to extreme conditions. The type of blood proteome modification in cosmonauts depended on mission multiplicity. Frequency of protein oxidative modifications induced by spaceflight factors was increased. The actual type of cardiovascular adaptation depended on dominance of either sympathetic or parasympathetic components of the vegetative nervous system. Body response was characterized by changes in blood proteome, loss of orthostatic stability after BR, appearance of undesirable vascular complications following DI, endothelial dysfunction. In future, omix-technologies will be appropriate for risks stratification and development of countermeasures to ensure safety in very long exploration missions to Earth-like planets in the Solar system.