Зональні ландшафтно-геохімічні особливості територій плодових насаджень України

Abstract

There are possibilities of using background values, concentration clark and coefficients of biogeochemical specialization of soils for the selection of agrochemical measures and evaluation of the quality of fruit crops are indicated. The research was conducted on five agro-landscapes of fruit crops in four fruit-growing zones of Ukraine and characterized the distribution in the soil of 12 micronutrients (Zn, Co, Cu, Mo, Mn, Sr, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Ba, Ti). It is noted that the indicator of zonal features of agrolandscapes of fruit crops is the spatial differentiation the statistical estimates of landscape-geochemical parameters, among which medians of samples (Ме) allow for the most informative and concise assessment of them. It was established that the zonal differences in the background content of Mo, Zn, Cu, Co, Sr in the soils of the territories of fruit plantations fluctuate most significantly with variation from 3 to 8 times, while Mn, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Ba, Ti do not exceed 2, 5 times. Values of concentration clark greater than 1.5 indicate the geochemical concentration of Pb in the soils of all fruit-growing areas of Ukraine, Cu - in the Polissia zone, Mo - in the Western Forest Steppe, Zn, Cu, Co - in the Western and Central Steppe, Cu, Mo, Sr, Zn - in the Southern Steppe . This determines the expediency of minimal use of appropriate microfertilizers in the specified territories, as well as the regional need for limited use of lead preparations. Biogeochemical imbalance of nutritional microelements is manifested in each zone of fruit growing. It is characterized by an excess of Cu and a lack of Co, Mo in Polissia, an excess of Zn, Mo in the Western Forest Steppe, an excess of Zn, Cu in the Western and Central Steppe, an excess of Zn, Cu, Sr in the Southern Steppe. This indicates the possibility of widespread development of non-infectious phytopathologies, both an excess and a lack of nutrient microelements in fruit growing products in most territories of Ukraine.