Изменения границ внутри человеческого общества. В преддверии постгуманизма

Abstract

With the prevailing ideas of humanism in the public consciousness, many boundaries were created that divide people into categories. At the same time, on one side of the border there are those who are more deserving of the title ‘human’ in comparison with those who are on the other side. Over the course of history, these borders have been actively rebuilt, and the pace of their changes has become increasingly rapid in recent years. The article examines changes at five such boundaries: between men and women, according to belonging to different religious denominations, to different nationalities and races, between healthy people and disabled people (including between the mentally healthy and the crazy), as well as changes in attitudes over time to the homeless and tramps. The author considers the consequences of changes that have already occurred or are planned at each of these five boundaries. The author believes that a mandatory factor in global economic development has always been the “friendly-alien” division. With the help of such division in economic activity, trust is generated, which is the most important institution necessary for the existence and development of the economy and social organization. Trust facilitates the interaction of economic agents and facilitates the functioning of monetary mechanisms. Large-scale attempts to erase boundaries between people are being made through coups and revolutions, but they lead to the replacement of previously existing boundaries between people with new ones. An attempt to eliminate classes leads to the creation of a new system of boundaries - property inequality. An attempt to eliminate property inequality and the exploitation of man by man leads to the creation of a new system of boundaries – by the place in the vertical of power, by membership in the ruling party, and others. For this reason, with any reforms and radical transformations, it is advisable to anticipate the formation of new borders, and also to evaluate if they are much better than the previous ones in terms of social justice and economic efficiency.