СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ОНТОГНОСЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИДЕАЛА "ЦЕЛЬНОГО ЗНАНИЯ" В РУССКОЙ МЕТАФИЗИКЕ

Abstract

The article argues the position, according to which every ideal is a complex of ideas and judgments expressing the desired normative image. It allows defining more or less clearly the specific characteristics of the proper state for a particular sphere of human life. The realization of ideals occurs through the formation of value orientations complementary to them, which determine the subsequent purposeful actions of individuals to transform the natural and social environment in accordance with the parameters set by these ideals. The authors propose to consider the concept of “whole knowledge”, which is characteristic of Russian metaphysical thought, as an ontognoseological ideal. Its implementation is aimed at designing methodological approaches and specific techniques. The process of formation of the “whole knowledge” ideal in Russian metaphysics, which had prerequisites in Christian theological and philosophical thought, is analyzed. It is argued that its fairly complete conceptualization was carried out by V.S. Solovyov. The philosopher emphasized the conceptual and normative development of the ideal of “whole knowledge”. However, later the difference in the ontological and historiosophical views of some of his followers led to the formation of another approach to understanding the ideal based on Christian eschatological premises. They understood it not so much as the due norm of human knowledge, but as its unattainable, but necessary goal.