Отчуждение и субъект: Мишель Фуко и Марсель Гоше

Abstract

The article analyzes the categories of alienation and subject of Michel Foucault and Marcel Gauchet. Their connection with social processes in relation to madness is considered. The tools used for a deeper understanding of the approaches to the concepts of these authors are demonstrated. The reader gets the potential to determine his attitude to the categories due to the “artificial collision” of the methods of philosophers. The introductory part of the work allows you to delve into the postmodern context. In the next section of the article, the phenomenon of madness studied by Foucault in the book “The History of Madness in the Classical Age” is given as an example. Gauchet’s criticism of this work, thanks to which we can conclude that Gauchet reverses Foucault’s logic in relation to madness in general. Explaining his criticism, Gaucher refers to Philippe Pinel. In this section, we can define the criteria invested in the concept of alienation. Next, we explore the process of subjectivation and how exclusion zones are formed. The authors view this process in different ways, and, accordingly, perceptions and assessments also differ. Based on this section in the article, we come to what alienation is expressed for the authors, what connotation they have. In the concluding section of the article, we find that there is a certain connection between the subject and the phenomenon of insanity. Foucault insists that madness is doomed to the exception, and the subject along with it. Gaucher, in his reasoning, takes the position that, thanks to madness, the subject acquires the potential to find himself.