ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ НОВИХ ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНИХ КРАЇН ЛАТИНСЬКОЇ АМЕРИКИ

Abstract

The analysis of the economic growth of the new industrialized countries of Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico) and the analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators of the functioning of their economies is carried out in the article. He found that the economic growth of the countries of the region had a cyclical nature. During the colonial period, the development of most countries was limited to the mother countries, which focused exclusively on mining and agricultural development. Since the beginning of the 20th century there was a rather rapid growth of already independent countries, which slowed down under the influence of wars and the Great Depression. In the post-war period, the policy aimed at the development of industry and import substitution contributed to economic growth, which due to a number of problems (high growth in the import of machinery and equipment against the background of low export of products; the external public debt that grew due to the influx of foreign investments; import substitution had a weak effect on production means of production and affected mainly light industry; budget deficit and high inflation, which arose due to the growth of government expenditures to support industry; weak competitiveness of goods protected by the state on the world market), as well as unsuccessful economic strategizing and management led to the crisis of 1970–1980. It are founded, that in the following years in the new industrialized countries of Latin America the policy is replaced by a liberal foreign policy. Nevertheless, there was no increase in industrial potential, which as a result gave moderate incentives to economic growth and was occasionally accompanied by news recessions, the last of which was caused by the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in. The dynamics of the main economic indicators of the newly industrialized countries of Latin America made it possible to establish that the trends of economic growth are contradictory and have a cyclical nature of constant crises and attempts at growth, which was exacerbated under the influence of “peripheral capitalism”.