ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЗАНЯТОСТИ И БЕЗРАБОТИЦЫ НА РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ РЫНКАХ ТРУДА

Abstract

The labor market is a rather dynamic system. Any shifts in the economy change its behavior and balance level, which causes the changes firstly of such indicators as employment and unemployment. It is impossible to ensure the employment level necessary for the region without competent regulation of the processes taking place in the labor market, which requires its constant study. The analytical studies provide the amount of information necessary to make managerial decisions aimed at the improvement of sustainability of the labor market and elaboration of more accurate strategies for its development. The paper studies the employment and unemployment indicators in the labor markets of some constituent entities of the Volga Federal District. The authors carried out the analysis of changes in the number of the employed population in the Samara, Saratov, and Ulyanovsk regions over the last decade, determined the main reasons for both positive and negative dynamics. The study of gender, age, and educational structure of the employed population allowed identifying the common patterns of socio-demographic aspects of employment in all labor markets under consideration. The study revealed the presence of unemployment in these labor markets and the gap between the levels of general and registered, identified the reasons explaining this gap, highlighted the social and economic consequences of unemployment for society and the state. The study of the employment level by the economic activity types allowed identifying general employment patterns by the economic activity types in all regions under consideration. The authors considered the availability of vacancies in the examined labor markets within different types of economic activity and identified that the manufacturing industries of each region had the most vacancies. Based on the research, the authors concluded on many problems occurring in the labor markets and formulated recommendations to improve the balance of their functioning.