Способ кохлеарной имплантации у пациентов с цитомегаловирусной инфекцией

Abstract

At the present stage of medical development, cochlear implantation is the optimal method of auditory and speech rehabilitation for patients with binaural deafness. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, according to Russian and international scientific literature, is one of the two most common causes of congenital deafness. At the same time, its relevance in cochlear implantation is due not only to its high incidence among patients, but also to the influence on surgical procedure and the final results of hearing and speech rehabilitation. The surgery stage of cochlear implantation in patients with cytomegalovirus infection, due to a number of circumstances, requires individual technical procedure. The most significant thing in this context is the phenomenon of frequent preservation of natural hearing residues at low frequencies, requiring careful and accurate preservation. Moreover, due to the pathogenetic effect of an infectious agent, such patients have a high risk of intraoperative bleeding. Therefore, the most important goal is to prevent the penetration of blood cells into the lumen of the cochlear spiral canal in order to prevent damage to the cochlear sensory structures. However, to date, all the proposed methods of performing surgery in such patients have a number of limitations and do not in all cases meet all the requirements of efficacy and safety. In this regard, on the basis of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, an original surgical technique was developed for cochlear implantation in patients with cytomegalovirus infection. This technique most significantly meets the requirements of hearing-safe surgical techniques when performing cochlear implantation.