Нейропсихічні розлади в дітей з вродженими вадами серця

Abstract

The article is devoted to the actual problem of children’s neurology, children’s cardiology and children’s cardiac surgery - namely, the features of neuropsychological development (NPD) in children with congenital heart defects (CHD). Purpose - to review modern research on the diagnosis of NPD in children with CHD, which is a necessary condition for optimizing patient care and developing a rehabilitation plan. The topicality of the topic is due to the lack of research on the early diagnosis of the violation of the NPD of this category of children. Consider features of development and damage to the brain in children with congenital heart defects. The relationship between the action of various epigenetic factors and pathophysiological factors that influence neuropsychological development in children with CHD is highlighted. Features of diagnosis of NPD in children with CHD using neuromonitoring, scales and tests (near-infrared spectroscopy, electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, Bailey scales, Peabody scale) are shown. Conclusions. The relationship between the type of heart defect and the features of the child’s NPD has been determined. The adverse effect of cyanotic heart defects on the child’s neurodevelopment has been confirmed. Early diagnosis of CHD, including prenatal, and timely surgical correction at an early age significantly improve the results of surgical treatment and exert a positive influence on further NPD. The emphasis is on continuing the search for early diagnostic markers in order to optimize the treatment of NPD in children with CHD, as well as the development of effective rehabilitation methods for this category of children. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.