Сопряженность семенной продуктивности клевера лугового с полеганием травостоя

Abstract

Analysis of the problems of increasing the yield of clover seeds shows that, in relation to fodder perennial grasses, the tasks of selection when breeding new varieties are associated with improving the vegetative development of plants. Fodder use provides for the need to further increase the productivity of phytomass, increase the period of active shoot formation, the predominance of vegetative stems in the structure of the herbage, and others. Such natural or selectively induced features of plant development make it difficult to sow varieties for fodder purposes. The growth and development of red clover, the yield value is greatly influenced by the biological characteristics of varieties, as well as agrometeorological conditions during the formation of generative organs, flowering, seed setting and filling. One of the main factors influencing the yield value is the lodging of the herbage. In modern varieties of meadow clover of an intensive type, during the process of growth and accumulation of vegetative mass, lodging of grass stands of varying degrees is usually observed already by the flowering phase, which negatively affects the formation of seed productivity. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of grass stand lodging on the realization of the seed productivity potential of red clover varieties of early and late ripening types. To solve this problem, vertical clover shoots were artificially formed using a special frame. The degree of lodging of seed grass stands of late-ripening clover under field conditions was 56%, and that of early-ripening clover was 36–39%. With the artificial creation of non-lodging grass stands compared to lodging ones, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, the biological yield of meadow clover seeds of late-ripening type increased by 88%, and in early-ripening — in the range from 31 to 48% due to an increase in the number of inflorescences by 14–27% and seeds in heads by 14–28%. To increase the yield of meadow clover seeds, it is necessary to develop and use a complex of agrotechnical techniques that ensure the formation of non-lodging grass stands with optimal plant density per unit area.