Діагностика коронавірусної інфекції як актуальна проблема державного рівня

Abstract

The article presents current data referring to the main types of laboratory diagnosticity of coronavirus infection associated with severe acute coronavirus respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused the pandemic, as defined by the World Health Organization in 2019. New viruses for people and the risks associated with them periodically remind countries about necessity to be always ready for emergencies in the field of biological safety. However, these risks may differ for different countries, so each country should develop its own national assessment based on a global risk assessment. Recently, the world's attention has been focused on the spread of the disease, which has been caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and was first recorded in China, in the city of Wuhan. There are many rumors about the virus today. On the one hand, there is an oversaturation of the information space with reports about coronavirus, and on the other hand, one can mark the low level of public awareness. Under conditions of a pandemic, all countries, despite their different political status and economic potential, have focused their efforts on a common enemy, the acute respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The issue of coronavirus infection diagnosticity becomes extraordinary relevant. In terms of a review of the scientific literature, the main data of human coronavirus infections history include the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the current pandemic COVID-19. The etiology of COVID-19, its epidemiology, pathogenesis, main clinical variants and their symptoms, classification by severity, methods of laboratory diagnosticity have been consistently described. To understand the trends in the development of a pandemic, it is extremely necessary to have a clear understanding of the immunological structure of the population with the determination of the proportion of persons with post-infectious immunity, since in the absence of specific immunoprophylaxis, population immunity can be a marker not only of the intensity of the epidemic process, but also of the prognosis of its development. Conclusion. The experience of humanity's struggle with biological threats indicates that success was achieved only under the condition of early diagnosis, correct therapy and prevention in the foci of diseases, aimed at their localization and elimination through the immediate implementation of primary anti-epidemic measures. Timely blocking of the spread of the causative agent of the infection allows you to effectively stop the development of any epidemic complications with the least medical and social losses in the optimal time frame. The use of time-tested standards of anti-epidemic protection is advisable in any emergency situation caused by pathogenic biological agents, including during the COVID-19 pandemic