Особенности формования и трансформации максимального стока реки Миус

Abstract

Purpose: to study the features of the formation and transformation of the maximum river runoff based on empirical data. Materials and methods. The series of observations of water levels and flows in two existing gauging stations Kuibyshevo (hydrological station 1) and Matveev Kurgan (hydrological station 2) with a duration of 51 years, were used as source materials. Statistical and theoretical methods were used as information processing methods, including system analysis and hydrological and geographical generalizations. Results and discussions. A study consisting of four stages: analysis of hydrographic characteristics, construction of dependency graphs of maximum flow rates Q = f(H), analysis of hydrological series and calculated data, was carried out. As a result of the analysis of hydrographic characteristics, a significant difference in the average heights of the watershed area and the bed slope was revealed. When comparing the maximum parameters by year, it was revealed that the maximum level recorded at the gauging station does not correspond to the maximum flow rate: at the hydrological station 1, the maximum water level was observed in 1979 and corresponded to 2 % availability, while the same year discharge of 151 cubic m/s corresponded to 6 % availability, the highest discharge was recorded in 1970 and was higher by 30 cubic m/s, the water level corresponded to 4 % availability and was lower by 0.49 m; at hydrological station 2, the maximum water level was recorded in 1985 with a flow rate of 202 cubic m/s, corresponding to 6 % probability, the maximum flow rate was observed in 1964 at a water level 0.38 m below the maximum, which corresponds to 12 % availability. Conclusions. The materials presented in the article confirm that the use of the coefficients of variation and asymmetry of one gauging station for the long-term average values of another gauging station is not entirely correct, despite the fact that they are located on the same river at a fairly close distance.