Остеоартроз кисти: влияние этнической принадлежности или окружающей среды?

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore whether the development of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA) is affected more by ethnicity or environment, comparing five Russian community-based samples living in different geographical locations and two ethnic groups, Russian and Buryats, who reside in the same geographic area. Material and methods. Cross-sectional observational study. The study population comprised ethnic Russians (821 males and 1076 females, aged 18–90), living in five different geographic areas and in addition, two ethnic groups, Russians (N=572) and Buryats (N=327) from the Barguzinsky District of the Buryat Republic, Russian Federation. OA was evaluated in 14 joints of the left hand according to Kellgren and Lawrence’s grading system. A diagnosis of OA was determined by the number of affected joints and by the presence of at least one affected joint. Statistical analyses included prevalence estimation, linear and logistic regressions, and χ2 tests. Results. Significant differences in hand OA prevalence and severity were found between the Russian samples living in different geographic areas. On the other hand, individuals of different ethnic groups residing in the same location have similar prevalence and severity of radiographic hand OA. Conclusions. In light of these findings, we hypothesize that environmental factors play an important role in developing hand OA. Additional studies are needed to discover the mechanism defining the association between places of residence and the development of hand OA.