Изучение физической, технологической и физико-химической характеристики фундука

Abstract

In the article, to study the physical, technological and physico-chemical characteristics of hazelnuts, promising varieties of hazelnuts were selected: Ata-baba, Oilseed hazelnuts, Ganja hazelnuts, Ashraf, Kudryavchik and Lombard hazelnuts. Their main dimensions, mass, core yield, solid shell thickness, etc. are measured and recorded. Some technological characteristics of the selected hazelnut varieties were studied. In accordance with the procedure, round-shaped hazelnuts, large and small of this size, were checked in factories for processing products with a diameter of less than 13.2 mm, and oblong nuts were taken as small nuts. Hazelnuts of the Ata-baba, Oilseed and Ashraf varieties became more suitable for processing on the equipment of the processing enterprise. One of the important parameters is the kernel output. The core output must be at least 35%. This indicator is 55.7% in the Ata-baba variety, 58% in the Oilseed hazelnuts. The Ganja variety had 54%. The main reserve substances of hazelnuts are proteins and lipids. The content of lipids in the studied varieties was 60.4–72.5%, proteins 15.8–17.8%, carbohydrates 11.4–20.11%, core moisture 3.98–7.49%. According to the certification requirements, the drained cores should not exceed 4%. Set coefficients of external and internal friction of hazelnuts with shell and core without shell so that when the humidity increases from 12% to 21% for xar of the fetus increases with 0.622 to 0.649, for dax with 0.461 to 0.523 accordingly, when the humidity increases core from 4% to 9% for xar with 0.570 to 0.603, for dax increased the odds with 0.418 to 0.453. This suggests that an increase in moisture content increases the ratio of external and internal friction of hazelnuts with shell and core without the shell. It was found that the damage to the fruit depends more on the humidity. It is considered important to maintain the moisture content of the product served for the breakdown within 14%.