ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ ПОДХОДОВ К ИНВАЛИДНОСТИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to develop a domestic model of society's attitude to disability in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, the works of a number of foreign and domestic scientists devoted to the attitude of society towards persons with disabilities or developmental disabilities were analyzed. Existing models of approaches to disability in the countries of near and far abroad, as well as in Kazakhstan, were identified and analyzed. It has been established that in world practice there are more than ten models of approaches to disability. It is noted that the existing models of attitudes towards disability have not only certain similarities, but also differences. Practice has shown that society's attitude towards disability depends on social, political conditions, economic opportunities of the state, legislation in the sphere of education, value orientations and accepted cultural norms of society. The study showed that there is no information about domestic scientific works devoted to the issues of training and education of persons with disabilities in Kazakhstan until the 70s of the twentieth century. It was revealed that there are studies on the problems of education and upbringing of persons with disabilities, regulatory support, the formation of the humanistic potential of inclusive education. However, theoretical models of society's attitude towards disabled people and disability have not been developed in Kazakhstan. As a result of the research, the authors have developed theoretical models of approaches to disability in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which cover the time period from the beginning of the 20th century to the present and are most suitable for the historical development of the Republic of Kazakhstan: a medical model (early 20th century and 70s of the 21st century), a social model (80s of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century), model of inclusion (the beginning of the XXI century to the present). The developed theoretical models of approaches to disability contribute to the success of the development of inclusive education in Kazakhstan. In conclusion, the authors conclude that the developed models of attitudes towards disability in the Republic of Kazakhstan will make a significant contribution to the development of inclusive education and will have practical significance for teachers of inclusive education, educational psychologists, researchers, employees of educational institutions on the training of teaching staff.