Контракция водных растворов спиртов, солей, кислот и оснований

Abstract

One of the promising directions in modeling of mass transfer in microgravity is the use of heterogeneous fluid systems with the same initial density. However, in most cases the application of this approach is prevented by the contraction effect, which is a non-additive variation of the mixture volume (and, accordingly, mixture density) due to a change in the concentration of one of its components. The cause of the contraction is the appearance of compounds made up of the solute molecules / ions and solvent molecules due to the formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction. Unfortunately, the prediction of the contraction effect is complicated by the lack of the relevant information for most liquid systems. To eliminate this drawback, the contraction of the most well-known aqueous solutions was determined. The obtained data are systematized and analyzed, and for a number of solutions a correlation between their contraction and other physicochemical properties has been established. The obtained data are systematized and analyzed, the correlation of contraction and other physicochemical properties of solutions has been established, and a number of fluid systems has been proposed for laboratory modeling of diffusion processes in microgravity.